<p>Pfeiffer-Wheeler American Chestnut Cabin is a historic log cabin located at the 188 acre Pfeiffer Nature Center, Portville in Cattaraugus County, New York. It is a log cabin constructed of American Chestnut in 1941. It is thought to be one of very few examples of a private residence utilizing American chestnut log frame construction from this period.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Bedford Corners Historic District is a historic district located at Portville in Cattaraugus County, New York. The district consists of three structures located at the intersection at New York State Route 305 and Deer Creek Road / Dodge Creek Road. The structures are a two-story, L-shaped, frame dwelling built about 1856 by early settler Jacob Bedford; a one-room schoolhouse built in 1864; and the Bedford Corners Cheese Factory / Grange Hall built after 1886. The district also includes the 50 acre surrounding the structures.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Oak Hill Park Historic District is a historic district located at Olean in Cattaraugus County, New York. The 32.5 acre district encompasses 89 properties including 82 residences, two churches, one school , and a landscape design. There are 76 contributing buildings. The structures reflect a variety of mid-late 19th-century and early 20th-century architectural styles including Queen Anne, Italianate, and Gothic Revival styles. The structures were constructed between about 1849 and 1937.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>St. James Hotel in Red Wing, Minnesota, United States, is an Italianate building built in 1874-1875. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The NRHP-listed area was increased to become St. James Hotel and Buildings in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Red Wing was the worlds largest primary market for wheat in the early 1870s, with a warehouse capacity of over 1,000,000 USbsh in 1873. As a result of the citys wealth, and with a need to house businesspeople and tourists visiting the city, eleven prominent businessmen invested in the construction of the hotel. It opened with a grand ball on Thanksgiving Day, 1875. It was one of the most elaborate hotels along the Mississippi River and served the city during its heyday as a commercial center and a steamboat stop.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was purchased in 1977 by the Red Wing Shoe Company and renovated. It was also given two additions, a shopping courtyard and a new section for offices and hotel rooms. Until recently, the hotel had 61 guest rooms, each with its own unique decoration and bearing the name of a riverboat that used to travel up and down the Mississippi River. In early 2010, a new suite housed in the old Red Wing Iron Works Building was added to the hotel, bringing the number of rooms to 62.</p><br>
<p>The City Hall building in Kingston, New York, United States, is located on Broadway in the center of the city. It is a red brick building in a late Victorian architectural style dating from 1873.</p><br>
<p>It sits on what had been the boundary between the villages of Kingston and Rondout prior to their merger to form the city of Kingston. First used for governmental purposes in 1875, its design was modified after sustaining serious damage in a 1927 fire. In 1971 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the first listing in the city. The city government moved to a new building the next year, leaving the building vacant for over 20 years. After an extensive restoration in the late 20th century, the city has moved back in.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The city hall sits on a slight rise on the north side of Broadway, across from Kingston&#39;s high school and library. It is just west of Kingston Hospital. A semicircular driveway provides access.</p><br>
<p>It is three stories tall, capped by a mansard roof shingled in polychromatic slate with a dentiled brick cornice and a front bell tower, all atop a regular ashlar limestone foundation. There are nine bays in the front, seven on the sides and ten on the rear. The red brick facing on the load-bearing walls is decorated with buff brick coursework at the window lintel and sill levels. Sandstone spandrels are located beneath all third-story windows.</p><br>
<p>The recessed main entrance, on the bell tower, is flanked by engaged stone columns topped with foliated capitals, rising to an arch echoed in the window treatments in the next two stages. A griffin flanks each side. Brick porches frame the secondary entrances on the east and west. Each elevation of the roof has two dormers with hipped roofs. The tower has an open belfry with iron rails and three arches, topped by a pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the building has terrazzo floors. A large city council chamber, lit by chandeliers, on the upper floor seats 400.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The villages of Kingston, Rondout and the hamlet of Wilbur merged in 1872 to form the current city of Kingston. The new city hired architect Arthur Crooks, known primarily for his churches, to design a city hall that made a bold statement about Kingston&#39;s progress and aspirations.</p><br>
<p>Crooks was a disciple of English aestheticist John Ruskin, who had favored the revival of Italian architectural traditions in the buildings of his time. Kingston&#39;s City Hall uses many elements that Ruskin praised, in particular the polychromatic banding and towers. The building was purposely sited where the boundary between the two former villages had been, in order to symbolize the merger. It was built over two years and the city began using it for council meetings and daily business in 1875.</p><br>
<p>The original design had a complex of hipped roofs and an open belfry atop the tower. In 1927 fire destroyed the tower and severely damaged the roof. A team of architects who supervised the rebuilding changed the design to its current appearance. They also initiated major work on the interior, intended to fireproof the building. Much of this consisted of replacing structural wood with other materials. Wood flooring was replaced with terrazzo, staircases with marble, and doors were clad in metal. The chimneys were capped.</p><br>
<p>They made other major changes to the interior. The mayor&#39;s office was moved from the second floor to the first. On the third floor they built a vast council meeting room, with space for 400. More decoration was added to the walls, and ornate lights hung from the ceiling.</p><br>
<p>Kingstons industrial prosperity continued throughout the 20th century, as the city transitioned from an economy based on river commerce to one built around the IBM facility just outside the city in Lake Katrine. In the late 1960s, however, the city center began to decline commercially as more residents left the city for nearby suburban areas. The city decided to move its government to a new building near the waterfront to revitalize it, and vacated Crooks building in 1972, a century after it had been commissioned.</p><br>
<p>Over the next two decades the empty building began to decay. Its facades crumbled, and the rich interior became filled with broken glass and rusted metal. The chandeliers had corroded due to water seepage, and the wall plastering was gradually becoming fine dust.</p><br>
<p>But it remained structurally sound, and residents fought to preserve it from demolition. Congregants at the Old Dutch Church saved the plaster lunettes depicting the citys history that had decorated the council chamber and stored them in the churchs basement. Eventually, a young new mayor, T.R. Gallo, came to office sharing those concerns, in 1994. After a first term of initiatives to renew the city, he was re-elected and proposed to restore City Hall and move the government back there. Council voted to authorize a bond issue in 1998, and along with private contributions and state and federal grants a total of $6.5 million was raised and spent. The building reopened in 2000, and has been occupied since then.</p><br>
<p>Ellicottville Historic District is a historic district located at Ellicottville in Cattaraugus County, New York. The district encompasses the historic core of the village of Ellicottville with structures associated with the civic, commercial, religious, educational, and residential life of the village between 1817 and 1935. The structures reflect a variety of 19th-century and early 20th-century architectural styles including Queen Anne, Federal, and Greek Revival styles. The district contains 63 contributing and 3 non-contributing structures. Located within the district is the Ellicottville Town Hall.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Gowanda Village Historic District is a historic district located at Gowanda in Cattaraugus County, New York. The district encompasses five early 20th century commercial buildings constructed 1925–1926. The Neoclassical style structures housed the Gowanda Cooperative Savings and Loan Association, Hollywood Theater, USA Post Office, and Gowanda&#39;s first department store.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Park Square Historic District is a historic district located at Franklinville in Cattaraugus County, New York. The district encompasses the historic core of the village of Franklinville and include the landscaped village green, brickpaved streets, and the commercial or civic buildings fronting on the square or located immediately adjacent to it. Significant buildings range in date from 1828 to 1924 and reflect a variety of 19th-century and early 20th-century architectural styles including Queen Anne, Italianate, and Classical Revival styles. The village square was established in 1876. The district contains 21 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Calumet Downtown Historic District is a historic district located in Calumet, Michigan, on 5th Street and 6th Street, between Scott Street and Pine Street. It is also known as the Red Jacket Downtown Historic District, reflecting the original name of the village. The Historic District is completely contained in the Calumet Historic District  and the Keweenaw National Historical Park. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1973 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Three historic buildings on the 100 block of 5th street were destroyed in a fire that took place on May 22, 2021</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village of Calumet, then known as "Red Jacket," was originally settled in 1864, and was incorporated in 1867. Calumet was an offshoot of the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, which mined a rich vein of copper running just south of Calumet. From 1868 through 1886, it was the leading copper producer in the United States, and from 1869 through 1876, the leading copper producer in the world.</p><br>
<p>As the fortunes of the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company went, so went the fortunes of Calumet. The majority of the structures in the downtown Calumet district were constructed in the years between 1880 and 1910, when the copper mining industry was at its peak. The structures reflect the progress of Calumet&#39;s fortunes as first frame, and then more substantial sandstone and brick business blocks, were built.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Calumet Downtown Historic District consists of sixty-two structures. These structures include buildings with a frame or shingle exterior, ones covered with metal sheeting, sandstone buildings, brick buildings, and those constructed of a combination of sandstone and brick. These structures define the streetscape of the downtown, with some presenting imposing facades. Many buildings are embellished with common stock elements purchased by the builders; some of these elements are used in combinations, including terra cotta trim, metal cornices, turrets, and cast iron thresholds and columns.</p><br>
<p>The copper strike in 1913 created an economic depression in the area whose effects lingered for decades. Many commercial buildings have had their facades altered, but for the most part these treatments have been</p><br>
<p>applied over original material and are reversible.</p><br>
<p>Two substantial buildings, St. Annes Roman Catholic Church and the Calumet Opera House, anchor the district at the south and the north ends, respectively. In addition, the Calumet Fire Station, now the Upper Peninsula Fire Fighters Memorial Museum, is also located in the district. One of the youngest structures within the Historic District is the 1948 Woolworths building. The F.W. Woolworth company remained in operation at this site the 1980s. The structure, which looks out of place amongst its older counterparts, shares a very important part of our American retail history.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>The Calumet Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District that encompasses most of the village of Calumet, Michigan. The district was designated in 1989 for the communitys importance in the history of the regions copper mining industry.</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries and other districts</h2><br>
<p>The district is roughly bounded by the Osceola Township line in the south; Osceola, Sixth, and Seventh Streets on the west; Pine, Elm, and Church Streets to the north; and the rear line of the lots east of Calumet Street on the east. The district additionally covers structures on Waterworks Street north of Pine Street to Calumet Lake and structures near and around Oak Street west of Seventh Street to Eleventh Street.</p><br>
<p>The district covers most, but not all, of the village of Calumet, Michigan, as well as surrounding residential and industrial areas. The Calumet Historic District is roughly equivalent to the Calumet Unit of the Keweenaw National Historical Park. The district wholly includes the Calumet Downtown Historic District, located along Fifth and Sixth Streets, and the Calumet and Hecla Industrial District, located west of Calumet Street. These districts are also NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1864, Edwin J. Hulbert discovered a copper-bearing lode, later named the "Calumet Conglomerate," running through what is now the Calumet Historic District. Hulbert, who immediately garnered investors, bought the property, and established the Hulbert Mining Company. Hulbert began mining operations in the area, but his inexperience resulted in low yields and frustrated his financial backers.</p><br>
<p>In 1867, his investors replaced Hulbert with Alexander Agassiz. Under Agassizs management, the Calumet and Hecla mines rapidly increased production, and by 1870 were producing over half of the United States copper. Agassiz was the president of the newly incorporated company, a position he held until his death in 1910.</p><br>
<p>What is now the village of Calumet was settled when Hulbert began mining operations in 1864; it was originally under named "Red Jacket", after the Native American Chief of the Seneca tribe. Under newly elected Village President Joseph Asselin, the name was changed to "Calumet" in 1929. Calumet was incorporated as a town in 1867, and its fortunes grew as the nearby Calumet & Hecla Mining operations boomed.</p><br>
<p>The exploitation of the Calumet conglomerate lode running through what is now the Calumet Historic District was probably the most important development in copper mining in the US between 1867 and 1884. The Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, located in the district, produced over one-half of the nation&#39;s total copper during those years. Even as late as 1882, after the discovery of copper in the western US, Calumet and Hecla still produced 63 percent of the total copper mined in the US. Although Calumet and Hecla lost its domination of the copper market in the late 1880s as western copper mines increased production, they went on an aggressive program of consolidation, and by the early years of the twentieth they again competed with the large western mines.</p><br>
<p>However, a debilitating strike in 1913-14 reduced the companies fortunes, and the combination of the Great Depression and declines in the price of copper forced the company to cease mining operations in the 1930s. The company turned to other mines, as well as reclamation of ore from mill sands to produce copper; however, the profits were never near what they were in the earlier boom years of the late 19th century. The Calumet & Hecla Company closed permanently in 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Calumet Historic District are significant because of the existence of major components of the Michigan copper industry: mining and mining technology, immigration and ethnic settlement, paternalism and company towns, and labor organization. Although numerous mining companies operated in the Keweenaw Peninsula in the late 19th century, The Calumet and Hecla Mining Company had the greatest longevity, production, and influence in the Michigan industry, as well as exhibiting substantial technical innovation.</p><br>
<p>The company was one of the first to adopt steam-powered technology. By the late 1890s, the company had over fifty steam engines producing power at their mine location, with additional engines at their mill and smelter locations. In 1899, according to the Commissioner of Mineral Statistics, Calumet and Hecla produced "as much power as is now being generated by the great electric plant at Niagara Falls." The plant at the surface was the largest and most efficient in the nation, and was built to last until the lode was exhausted.</p><br>
<p>The Calumet and Hecla Mining Company exemplified a benevolent paternalistic attitude toward their workforce. The company deliberately hired family men, who were viewed as more stable and dependable than single men. C & H employees were also predominantly immigrants, who were willing to work for lower pay. The company built low-cost but sound houses for employees in Calumet, and provided services such as garbage collection, repair work, a fire department, and water supply free of charge. Calumet and Hecla also built a library and school for their employees, as well as a hospital, swimming pool, and other social and utilitarian services.</p><br>
<p>The company also made donations for the construction of multiple churches, many catering to the disparate ethnic groups brought in to work in the company mines. The early mining community reflected Upper Peninsula immigration patterns from the 1840s: the dominant group were Cornish miners, with Irish, German, French Canadian, and a few Scandinavian families mixed in. Later immigration brought Italian workers, as well as Poles, Slovenians, Croatians, and more Scandinavians, notably Finns.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<h3>Industrial Calumet</h3><br>
<p>The copper-bearing rock mined by the Calumet & Hecla Mining Company was deposited in a narrow band only one-and-a-half miles in length, running approximately where the modern Mine Street is located. Calumet & Hecla sunk fifteen shafts along the lode; although the shafthouses have all been removed, numerous other mine-related buildings still stand in the area. The overall integrity if the site is extremely high, as many of the buildings are essentially unaltered and remain in fair to excellent condition. In addition, there has been no new development on the site.</p><br>
<p>Significant remaining business and social-related structures built by the Calumet & Hecla Mning Company or its officers include structures include the company office building, town library, Alexander Agassizs home, the Miscowaubik club, the bathhouse, and the Calumet Village School. Industrial buildings include a machine shop, locomotive roundhouse, paint house, blacksmiths shop, pattern shop, pattern storage building, two warehouses, firehouse, man-engine house, steam boiler house, substation, dry house, gear house, and a drill house. Although railroad tracks have been removed, their location is still apparent.</p><br>
<p>The industrial buildings are of vernacular architecture, primarily constructed of sandstone or red brick with grey mine rock foundations.</p><br>
<h3>Commercial Calumet</h3><br>
<p>The main commercial section of Calumet is located northwest of the Calumet & Hecla mine location. The commercial section is accessed form the mine via Red Jacket Road, which becomes Fifth Street within the village. Fifth and Sixth Streets make up the main commercial area of Calumet. The structures here reflect the prosperous copper boom years of Calumet, as sandstone and brick business blocks were erected. These buildings are primarily rectangular, and are embellished with stock metal cornices, terra cotta trim, and cast iron thresholds and columns.</p><br>
<p>Although a few structures have been lost over time, the commercial section of Calumet retains much of its historical integrity, with unified streetscapes and well-preserved vistas. Due to depressed economic conditions. alterations of the existing buildings have been minimal.</p><br>
<h3>Religious and social Calumet</h3><br>
<p>The Calumet and Hecla Mining Company encouraged social and religious groups to found chapters in the Calumet area. The company donated land for the erection of numerous churches and halls. These included at least eight churches, as well as a Union Building for fraternal organization, and gathering places for ethnic groups. The most notable of these was the Italian Hall (now demolished), the site of the 1913 Italian Hall disaster.</p><br>
<p>Along Red Jacket Road between the commercial section of Calumet and the mine location stands a cluster of churches, as well as the Union Building. The land it was built on was leased from the Calumet & Hecla Company.</p><br>
<p>Another prominent church, still used for religious services, is St. Paul&#39;s on the corner of Eighth and Oak.</p><br>
<p>The Union Building, located on Red Jacket Road near Ste. Annes, was built in 1889 on land donated by the Calumet & Hecla Mining Company. The building originally housed the Masons and the Odd Fellows organizations, and over the years was home to more than twenty benevolent organizations. The construction of the Union Building reflects the paternalism of the Calumet & Hecla Mining Company, as it selectively donated land to organizations which would shape the local culture of Calumet and the companys workers. In the Fall of 2011 the Union Building reopened to the public as the Calumet Visitor Center for</p><br>
<p>Agassiz Park, a wedge-shaped area east of the downtown and bordering on the mine property, was originally an open commons based on the Boston model. However, although some open space remains, a substantial portion of the park was developed as subsidized housing.</p><br>
<h3>Residential Calumet</h3><br>
<p>Residential sections of Calumet surround the central business district, primarily on the west and north. Many of these were built by the Calumet & Hecla Company during the copper boom years of 1870–1910, primarily in the form of single-family homes or duplexes. Many of these company homes are -story wood-frame houses, sided with clapboard or shingling, sitting on mine rock foundations and having a gabled roof. Much of the residential housing stock is relatively unchanged from original construction, save the addition of other siding materials and front porch renovations.</p><br>
<p>Houses of the more prosperous merchants also exist in Calumet, in Queen Anne, shingle, and other Victorian architectural styles. These houses are for the most part in excellent condition.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Linden Historic District is located in the village of Lake Linden in Houghton County, Michigan.</p><br>
<p>The primary section of the district is along Calumet Street (M-26), from First to Eighth Street.</p><br>
<p>Additional structures in the district are located along Hecla and Schoolcraft Streets between First and Fourth, and nearby portions of First, Pine, Second, and Third Streets and N Avenue; three more structures are located in the 700 block of Front Street and nearby on Eighth Street.</p><br>
<p>There are 83 buildings within the district, of which 69 are contributing properties.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Lake Linden is a French Canadian community on the north end of Torch Lake. The district includes 69 contributing and 14 non-contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>Three of the contributing properties - the Joseph Bosch Building, the First Congregational Church and the Lake Linden Village Hall and Fire Station - were previously individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), while this district was added on July 16, 2009 and the listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service&#39;s weekly list of July 24, 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area around what is now Lake Linden was sparsely settled until the 1860s, when the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company decided to place their stamping mill near the lake. Construction started in 1867, and by 1870, nearly 150 people were employed at the mill. The village of Lake Linden (then known as Torch Lake) was organized in 1868. In 1885 the village was incorporated as a municipality.</p><br>
<p>However, on May 20, 1887, a devastating fire completely destroyed 12 city blocks, affecting 75% of the village. In the wake of the fire, property insurance companies with heavy losses threatened to pull out of Lake Linden unless the village was made more resistant to fire. In response, the village council established a fire code, requiring buildings located within certain limits to be constructed of brick or stone, covered with metal, gravel, or slate.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lake Linden Historic District includes the primary business district for Lake Linden along Calumet Street as well as nearby primarily residential areas. The wide majority of the structures in the district were built between the fire of 1887 and about 1930. The buildings on Calumet Street are nearly all two-story or smaller; those that are taller are set back from the street. The smaller scale of the architecture along the street gives the downtown an open feel.</p><br>
<h3>100-300 blocks of Calumet Street</h3><br>
<p>The buildings in the 100-300 blocks of Calumet are primarily brick and stone, reflecting the 1887 fire code. This area of the district is particularly notable for its high integrity. There are few newer infilled buildings, and the original structures in the area are substantially intact, including a number of decorative architectural features.</p><br>
<p>The Harris block (1887) at 118-120 Calumet was built by Captain William Harris, one of Lake Linden&#39;s most successful merchants. Harris worked as a mine agent in the 1850s, then started in the mercantile business, eventually taking charge of the Lake Linden branch of the North and Briggs store. He built this building after the 1887 fire; the structure has arched windows on the second floor with keystoned caps made of sandstone. The original pressed metal cornice is still in place.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Bosch Building (1888), located at 300 Calumet, was built by brewer Joseph Bosch, who had settled in Lake Linden in 1868, working as a miner of the Calumet & Hecla company. He left the town to learn to be a brewmaster, and in 1874 founded the Torch Lake Brewery. The company was an immediate success, and in 1899 was the largest brewery in the Upper Peninsula. This building also has arched second-story windows with keystones, and a metal cornice. A 1920s era sign for Lindell Chocolate Shoppe hangs in front of the building.</p><br>
<p>Across the street from the Harris Block is the former Holy Rosary Church building (1905), which has been converted into the Gilles Apartments. The structure is built in a rectangular plan, with a Gothic-style front facade. The church was originally constructed to serve German and Irish parishioners who had separated from the French-Canadian St. Joseph&#39;s parish.</p><br>
<p>Other prominent structures in the area include the LeBeault Building (1887) at 220 Calumet, the Therrien Building (1888) at 310 Calumet, and the two-story building (1888) at 332 Calumet. Two buildings at 207 and 215 Calumet were built before 1885.</p><br>
<h3>400-500 blocks of Calumet Street</h3><br>
<p>The commercial buildings in the 400 and 500 blocks of Calumet, located outside of the original 1887 fire limits, are primarily frame structures. Intermixed with the commercial buildings are residential buildings, including the Joseph Gregoire House (1889) at 503 Calumet and adjacent houses from 1893.</p><br>
<p>This section of the district also includes the Lake Linden Village Hall and Fire Station (1901). The Hall is a two-story Richardsonian Romanesque structure on a rough sandstone base. The first story is constructed of red brick, with lighter brick above; belt courses run between floors and above the windows. The doorways and windows are arched, and an octagonal cupola sits atop the structure.</p><br>
<h3>600-700 blocks of Calumet Street</h3><br>
<p>The 600-700 blocks of Calumet are primarily populated with institutional buildings. The southernmost of these is the Lake Linden/Hubbell High School (1918) at 601 Calumet. The school is a rectangular, -story building with a flat roof. It is constructed of dark brown brick trimmed with grey stone.</p><br>
<p>In the next block is St Joseph&#39;s Church (1901) at 701 Calumet, built of rough sandstone blocks. The church is front-gabled with round arched windows, with two steeples with domed caps frame the roofline. The church was built in the French Canadian tradition to serve the growing French Canadian population of the area.</p><br>
<p>Across from the church is St Joseph&#39;s Academy and Parochial School (1930) at 700 Calumet. The school is a three-story brick building with concrete trim. Three projecting entrances on the first floor are decorated with ornamental quoins; there is a decorative gabled parapet in the center of the building.</p><br>
<p>The area also segues into the primarily residential areas to the north; the Joseph Eddy House at 703 Calumet (next to St. Joseph&#39;s) is a prairie style house, unusual for the area. It is a two-story hipped roof house, built on a sandstone foundation.</p><br>
<h3>Structures on 100-300 blocks Hecla and Schoolcraft Streets and cross streets</h3><br>
<p>The residential areas of the district contain primarily two-story frame houses, originally clapboard-sided, which sit on sandstone foundations. They tend to be modest in scale, with vernacular Queen Anne elements. Some of the original houses in the district have been demolished.</p><br>
<p>Significant structures in this area include the Captain William H Harris house (1888–93) at 222 Hecla. The house is a two-and-a-half-story brick Queen Anne structure with a hipped roof and a square turret. A brick carriage house and stone and iron fence are also on the property. Neighboring houses at 224 and 226 Hecla are also Queen Anne-style structures. The two houses at 146 and 148 First Street were built before the 1887 fire.</p><br>
<p>Two notable industrial/commercial buildings are located on Third Street, both of which were built by brewer Joseph Bosch. The first is the First National Bank (1888) at 346 Third Street. The bank is a two-story rough sandstone structure with arched windows. The second is the Bosch Bottling Works (1896) at 347 Third. The building is a two-story rough sandstone structure with arched windows and double garage doors at street level.</p><br>
<h3>Structures on N Avenue</h3><br>
<p>Two churches are located on N Avenue directly opposite each other at the corner of First Street. This section of road was the original route of M-26 before it was rerouted in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church (1887), located at 53248 N Avenue, is an asymmetrically massed stick-style front gable church with a square tower and belfry. It has an open front porch with turned railings. The exterior features dramatic woodwork styling, including wainscoting and fishscale shingles. The church was built by a small group of Scottish residents, for a cost of $8,325. It was dedicated in February 1887, three months before the 1887 fire, but escaped damage.</p><br>
<p>The Methodist Episcopal Church (1893) at 53237 N Avenue is a Gothic Revival front-gabled church on a sandstone foundation. It has a square steeple and Gothic arched windows.</p><br>
<p>Belford Historic District is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgetown, Texas. It comprises an eight-block area roughly bounded by University Avenue, the rear property lines to the east of Main Street, 19th Street, and the rear property lines to the west of Austin Street.</p><br>
<p>The district contains a high concentration of mostly early twentieth-century dwellings built by prominent local lumberman Charles S. Belford. Of the 81 structures within the districts confines, 70 are classified as contributing and add to the historic character of the area. The district provides a cross-section of Belfords career in the construction business, and a wide variety of styles and types of residences can be found, such as L- and modified L-plan houses, small bungalows, Prairie-style homes, and Belfords own Queen Anne residence. The neighborhood has long been an area where many of Georgetowns leading citizens, such as former mayor Marsh F. Smith and Judge Cooper Sansom, have lived.</p><br>
<p>The Bavinger House was completed in 1955 in Norman, Oklahoma, United States. It was designed by architect Bruce Goff. Considered a significant example of organic architecture, the house was awarded the Twenty-five Year Award from the American Institute of Architects in 1987. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001,</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was constructed over the course of five years by Nancy and Eugene Bavinger, the residents of the house, who were artists, along with the help of a few of Eugenes art students, volunteers, and local businesses. The Bavingers moved into the house in February 1955, and Life magazine featured the house in its September 19, 1955 issue. Despite its remote location, the house became an attraction; the Bavingers first tried to limit visitors by charging a dollar per guest. Life reported that the tours had yielded over $4,000, and eventually (according to Goff) they raised over $50,000 before finally deciding they didnt want to be disturbed by the constant flow of tourists.</p><br>
<p>The house was vacant for more than a decade and had fallen into disrepair before it was reported in 2008 that the house would be renovated and reopened for tours. Fundraising efforts, however, ran into difficulties. The house was damaged and its central spire left broken at a 45-degree angle after a powerful windstorm in June 2011. which was later changed to "Closed Permanently", and in August 2012 further edited to say "The House will never return under its current political situation".</p><br>
<p>In April 2016 The Norman Transcript reported that the house had been demolished and completely removed, leaving only a vacant lot, as confirmed by the president of the Bruce Goff-focused preservation organization Friends of Kebyar.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The wall of the house was a 96-foot long logarithmically curved spiral, made from 200 tons of local "ironrock" sandstone dynamited (by Eugene) from a piece of purchased farmland near Robin Hill School, a few miles away from the house and hauled back on Eugene&#39;s 48 Chevy flatbed truck. The structure was anchored by a recycled oil field drill stem that was reused to make a central mast more than 55 feet high. The house had no interior walls; instead there were a series of platforms at different heights, some with curtains that could be drawn for privacy. The ground floor was covered with pools and planted areas.</p><br>
<p>The Rensselaer D. Hubbard House,  is a historic house in Mankato, Minnesota, United States. Originally a 16-room private home, it is currently a museum. It the first private residence in Mankato to have indoor plumbing, electricity and a telephone. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 7, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1871 for Rensselaer D. Hubbard, a successful businessman. It was designed by Silas Barnard in the French Second Empire style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Rensselaer D. Hubbard</h3><br>
<p>Hubbard was born in Oswego County, New York, on December 14, 1837, to a family of farmers, formerly of Connecticut, with roots dating back to Colonial America. He had limited education, and left home at age 15 to work on a survey crew for the Albany and Susquehanna Railroad. In 1851, he moved to California and worked on a farm in the Sacramento Valley. From 1857 to 1858 he tried gold mining around the Humboldt River in Nevada and Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada. He moved back to New York in 1859, where he worked as a grocery clerk making $50 per month and was quickly promoted to manager at a salary of $160 per month.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, he tried to enlist in the Union Army in January 1863 but was rendered unfit for military service due to a severe attack of pneumonia. He then began farming tobacco in Sidney, New York for a few years, during which time he married Mary Esther Cook. The two moved to Corry, Pennsylvania, in 1866 as he reentered the grocery business, this time with great success: starting with capital of $2000, he earned approximately $30,000 in four years. Hubbard then decided to move to Mankato.</p><br>
<p>Hubbard built a warehouse in Mankato and worked in the wheat market until March 1872. At that time he entered a partnership that started the Mankato Linseed Oil Company, of which he was manager for 11 years; after initial struggles the company found success. The company became a major flour milling operation in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and changed names to the R.D. Hubbard & Company, then to the R.D. Hubbard Milling Company in 1894, and finally the Hubbard Milling Company in 1897. With partner George Palmer, he established a system of 42 grain elevators stretching across southern Minnesota and into South Dakota. The Hubbard Milling Company later expanded into livestock feed, pet food, and specialized feed products and still exists today as a subsidiary of the Canadian company Ridley.</p><br>
<p>Hubbard&#39;s first wife died on April 21, 1877; the two had one son. He married again in 1878 to Miss Frank Griffith, and had two daughters. The youngest daughter, Mary Ester Hubbard, sold the home to the Blue Earth County Historical Society in 1938.</p><br>
<h3>House</h3><br>
<p>The Hubbard Houses location on South Broad Street was once part of Mankatos "silk stocking district", which included a number of Victorian era mansions. Built on a basement of cut stone, the structure used brick and wood with Mankato stone trim details. The home was built in two sections: The original section of the main house, built in 1871, is two and a half stories with a mansard roof of colored slate. The 1888 addition is one and a half stories and is telescoped in the Italianate style. The structure features a front porch with Ionic columns.</p><br>
<p>In 1897, Judge Loren Cray built a large mansion, the Cray Mansion, abutting the Hubbard House property. For several years the two owners engaged in a game of one-upmanship in upgrading their properties; the battle appeared to end when Cray added a top-floor ballroom. Both houses are listed on the NRHP. The Hubbard House was completely redecorated in 1905; members of the family lived in the home and made changes until 1938.</p><br>
<p>After the Blue Earth County Historical Society purchased the home in 1938, they deeded the property to the City of Mankato, which in turn assumed all maintenance costs and allowed the society to operate the museum and maintain the antiques within. The society used the house as its main museum from 1938 to 1988; during that time the home housed exhibit galleries, artifact storage, offices and a research center. A two-story, brick Queen Anne Style carriage house built in 1890 was moved to the site in 1977. Once the society moved to his new headquarters, it opted to restructure the house museum to interpret the life of the Hubbard family; as such the home was restored to its 1905 state.</p><br>
<p>In May 2009, the Historical Society completed the twenty year restoration project on the structure, bringing it back to its 1905 appearance. The final phase restored the main porch and refurbished the 56 wooden storm windows. The project was funded by the Minnesota Historical Society, City of Mankato, private donors and fundraising.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The house has 16 rooms. The Hubbards emphasized beauty and utility in the house&#39;s design. When the original section was built in 1871, it included a central heating system (furnace); the structure also included four bathrooms, uncommon in the area at the time. The home was also one of the first in the area to have indoor plumbing, a telephone, and electricity. Hubbard was unsure whether electricity would become standard, so he installed lights that operated on both gas and electrical power.</p><br>
<p>The three fireplaces on the first floor use a combination of Georgian, Spanish and Italian marbles as well as Brazilian onyx. The library featured cotton wall coverings, and the parlor featured silk damask wall coverings imported from Paris. The grand staircase is made of oak, and was part of the 1888 expansion replacing an iron spiral staircase. A Tiffany chandelier hangs over the dining room table.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The home has operated as a museum by the Blue Earth County Historical Society and is open to the public for a fee.The house contains approximately a quarter of the Hubbard family&#39;s original furniture, with remaining antique furnishings donated by patrons of the museum. A significant portion of the wall paper was replaced by replicas. Fourteen of the original rooms are part of the museum.</p><br>
<p>The Lorin Cray House  is a historic structure in Mankato, Minnesota. Originally a private home, it was owned by the local YWCA for just over 80 years, from late 1927 until they changed locations in early 2008. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 28, 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Queen Anne Style brick residence was designed by Frank Thayer for Lorin P. Cray, a civic leader, judge and philanthropist. The house is approximately 10,000 ft&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>Built adjacent to the equally lavish Renesselaer D. Hubbard House, for several years the two owners engaged in a game of one-upmanship in upgrading their properties; the battle appeared to end when Cray added a top-floor ballroom. Both houses are listed on the NRHP.</p><br>
<p>Cray was an important donor to what became the Mankato YWCA; when he and his wife died in 1927, the house and furnishings were willed to the organization along with an endowment for the upkeep of the building. The organization moved into the structure on November 12, 1927, using it initially as a communal house. The second floor housed at least eight girls until 1952. The building was converted into the YWCA&#39;s offices as well as a preschool.</p><br>
<p>The YWCA put the structure up for sale in 2006 for $682,400. The Mankato Area Foundation showed serious interest in purchasing the house for the city, but terms that would have allowed the YWCA to occupy the building with no other tenants for up to ten years while the city paid upkeep of $50,000 a year killed the deal. When it became clear the structure would likely fall into private hands, historic preservationists, led by the Blue Earth County Historical Society, expressed concerns that the building might be significantly altered. The building sold on February 28, 2008, for $505,000; at the time its appraised value was $675,000. The building is now a multi-dwelling structure.</p><br>
<p>After the sale of the Cray Mansion, the City of Mankato created the Heritage Preservation Commission, an official commission that can designate properties as historic and control what can and cannot be done to their exteriors.</p><br>
<p>The Field Matrons Cottage, also known as the Stone Building, was built circa 1925 on the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony in Sparks, Nevada. The cottage was built to support a Bureau of Indian Affairs program to instruct the 20 acre colonys Paiute and Washoe girls in sanitation and housekeeping skills. A "field matron" was provided by the Bureau from 1919 to as late as 1938. At first the matron lived in Reno, at some distance from the colony, but in 1926 funding was made available to build a dwelling on colony lands, allowing a closer relationship between the matron and the colony&#39;s inhabitants. The cottage included a library and an infirmary, and served as a community meeting place.</p><br>
<p>The cottage is built in the locally-unique Stewart Vernacular style, following the prototype established at the Stewart Indian School in Carson City. Many of the buildings at the Stewart Indian School were built using multi-colored native stone with black mortar. The style was locally influential, but the Matrons Cottage is the only example in the Reno area. The buildings detailing and massing are similar to the Craftsman style, with a bungalow-like arrangement. The one story building has a full basement and a jerkin-head gable roof.</p><br>
<p>The Field Matron&#39;s Cottage was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Eleutheros Cooke House at 410 Columbus Avenue in Sandusky, Ohio is the oldest surviving house in Sandusky. It is a Greek Revival style house that was built in 1827 by Eleutheros Cooke, one of the first settlers in the area and its first lawyer. The original front porch of the house saw General William Henry Harrison receive a flag from the women of Sandusky, in 1835.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Eleutheros Cooke House, also known as the Cooke-Dorn House, at 1415 Columbus Avenue in Sandusky, Ohio is a three-story, limestone Greek Revival style house that was built in 1844. It was the last home of Eleutheros Cooke, one of the first settlers in Sandusky and its first lawyer. Eleutheros was father of Jay Cooke, the Civil War financier.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The house is owned by the Ohio Historical Society and is open seasonally as a historic house museum that has been restored to a 1950s appearance. It is managed locally by the Old House Guild of Sandusky.</p><br>
<p>Two developers of a hay-baling process, James J. Hinde and Jacob J. Dauch, later purchased the company. It was ultimately acquired by the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company.</p><br>
<p>A 2009 story in the Sandusky Register recalled the days of a century before, when the company employed 350 workers in the city. Local residents clearly remembered the scent of the company; to quote Erie County Historical Society president Janet Senne, "It smelled up the whole town. It made you sick to your stomach in the 1940s". In the previous two decades, Hinde and Dauch had been the city&#39;s largest employer.</p><br>
<p>Three of the company&#39;s buildings are separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>409 West Water Street</h2><br>
<p>The 409 West Water Street facility was built in 1906. It was torn down between 2013 and 2014 as it was a blight.</p><br>
<h2>401 West Shoreline Drive</h2><br>
<p>The 401 West Shoreline Drive facility, on Sandusky Bay, was built in 1918.</p><br>
<p>The building is very large, and most likely the Hinde & Dauch factory building, now occupied by Chesapeake Lofts, was a condo development.</p><br>
<h2>407 Decatur Street</h2><br>
<p>The 407 Decatur Street facility was built in 1926, 26 years after the 409 building was built. Now occupied by the Sandusky City Schools offices.</p><br>
<p>The Ledbetter House  is a historic house located at 701 West Brooks in Norman, Oklahoma, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1948, and was designed by architect Bruce Goff. The distinguishing features of the house are its suspended carport and patio roofs. The Ledbetter House is owned by the University of Oklahoma and is now a private residence. In 2001, it was one of several Goff-designed buildings recognized by placement on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The James Iredell House is a historic home located at Edenton, Chowan County, North Carolina. The original section was built 1800, and expanded to its present configuration about 1827. It is a two-story, L-shaped frame dwelling with Georgian- and Federal-style design elements. It was the home of James Iredell, an ardent patriot and Justice of the Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The house is now a historic house museum, one of several sites of Historic Edenton, and belongs to the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural resources. Other historic sites open for tour include the Roanoke River Light, Chowan County Courthouse, Barker House, Cupola House and St. Paul&#39;s Church.</p><br>
<p>The Pioneer Center for the Performing Arts  is a theater located in Reno, Nevada. It was designed by the Oklahoma City architectural firm of Bozalis, Dickinson and Roloff as a concrete structure with a distinctive gold geodesic dome roof. The facility was completed in 1967 with 987 seats on the main level and 513 seats in a balcony, totaling to 1,500. The co-founder of Temcor, the project&#39;s contractor, was Don Richter, a student of Buckminster Fuller, developer of the geodesic dome concept. Temcor had built several gold-anodized aluminum domes before the Pioneer, and was responsible for more than 5000 dome projects.</p><br>
<p>Originally to be called the Apollo Theater, the Pioneer took its name from a 1939 statue of a pioneer family by Byron S. Johnson, salvaged from the Old State Building, which was demolished to make way for the new facility. Unofficially, the dome was called the "Golden Turtle." It consists of a 500-panel aluminum shell on an inner steel frame, which is in turn supported by reinforced concrete arches. The orchestra level of the theater is depressed below ground level, allowing the roof to nearly touch the ground at the corners.</p><br>
<p>The Washoe County Fair and Recreation Board, which was responsible for the project, was particularly taken with Casa Mañana in Fort Worth, Texas, resulting in the selection of the domed concept. The Pioneer Center was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Davies Bridge carries Red Bluff Drive across Cedar Creek, just north of Arkansas Highway 154 in Petit Jean State Park, Arkansas. It is a single-span closed-spandrel masonry arch structure, with an arch 20 ft long and 10 ft high. It is built out of mortared ashlar fieldstone laid in courses, with some stones left rusticated and protruding from the sides. The bridge was built in 1934 by a crew of the Civilian Conservation Corps that was developing the park&#39;s facilities.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Cove Creek Bridge is a historic bridge, carrying Arkansas Highway 309 across Cove Creek, south of the hamlet of Corley, Arkansas in the Ozark-St. Francis National Forest. It is a two-span closed-spandrel masonry arch structure, with each span measuring 13 ft and an overall structure length of 26 ft. It is built entirely out of stone, with a concrete and asphalt deck, and concrete barriers at the sides. It was built in 1936 with funding support from the Works Progress Administration.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Dry Creek School in Manhattan, Montana is a balloon-framed one-room schoolhouse that was built in 1902. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>It has a recessed entry door and a cupola, and it was used as a community center.</p><br>
<p>It was one of 13 one-room schoolhouses in Gallatin County, Montana that were listed on the National Register together in July 1981, and three more were listed later.</p><br>
<p>The Milton Odem House is a small bungalow home located in Redmond, Oregon. The house was built in 1937 by Ole K. Olson for Milton Odem, a local theater owner. It is one of the best examples of residential Streamline Moderne architecture in Oregon. The Milton Odem House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Milton Odem was born in Enid, Oklahoma in 1906. He moved to Idaho as a boy, growing up in Grangeville and Lewiston. Odem arrived in Redmond with his wife in 1923. They bought an existing theater and renamed it the Mayfair, turning it into a successful business. Odem later built a second movie theater in downtown in Redmond; and then a drive-in theater on the outskirts of the city. Over the years, he also served on the Redmond Airport Commission, the Redmond City Planning Commission, and the Redmond City Council.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, Odem decided to build a new theater to accommodate the influx of movie goers from the Civilian Conservation Corps camp at Camp Sherman and workers at the new Redmond Air Field. He called the new theater the Odem. Odem chose a sleek modern design for his new theater, an architectural style known as Streamline Moderne. The style features aerodynamic lines, chromium steel, colored vitreous marble, tubular neon, stucco walls, glass blocks, tinted mirrors, and recessed lighting. All these features combine to create a streamlined industrial look which was very popular at the time, especially for theaters and commercial buildings.</p><br>
<p>Not only did he build his new Odem theater in that style, he also built a new Streamline Moderne home the same year the theater was constructed. The home was located on a 50 by 100 ft lot on the west side of 12th Street in southwest Redmond. The Odem family only lived in the house for three years, moving to another home in the Redmond area in 1940.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, a back porch was added to the home and a garage was built on the northwest corner of the lot. A year later, the new owners added a second bedroom to the northwest corner of the house. With that addition, today&#39;s historic structure was complete. Subsequent alterations changed some of the original characteristics. For example, in the 1970s, the original double-hung windows were replaced by aluminum frame windows. The original doors were also replaced during that period.</p><br>
<p>A major renovation of the Odem house was completed in the spring of 1996, bringing back much of the original detail using historic photography to guide the work. Because of its unusual Streamline Moderne design, the Milton Odem House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 21 February 1997. At the time it was listed, the Milton Odem House was the only Streamline Moderne residential property in Oregon listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Today, the Odem house remain one of the best examples of a Streamline Moderne residence in the state of Oregon.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>Ole Knutte Olson for Milton Odem and his wife, Flossie. It is a small one-story bungalow that measures 26 by 33 ft. The house is an excellent example of a Streamline Moderne style residence, highlighting many of the style&#39;s most notable features. For example, the design features prominent horizontal lines, asymmetrical façade, flat roof, broad overhanging eaves, stucco exterior walls, a large corner window, and Art Deco style hardware inside. There are two historic buildings on the property, the main house and a small garage on the northwest corner of the property</p><br>
<p>The main house has a balloon-frame structure on a concrete foundation. The roof is flat with a parapet wall running along the roof edge to conceal the asphalt roof. There is a large overhanging eave on the northeast front and north sides of the building. The exterior is covered with spatter-dashed stucco. The living room picture windows are casement style, set at a 110-degree angle. The remaining windows are a two-over-two double-hung type with horizontal muntins. The original doors were replaced in the 1970s. Unfortunately, there are no photographs of the originals doors so an appropriate Streamline Moderne style door with a round port window was installed during the 1996 renovation. The street front façade has three wide horizontal bands set out from the main wall surface that emphasize the design&#39;s horizontal orientation.</p><br>
<p>At the northwest corner of the lot, there is a small wood-frame garage and shop building. The garage was built in 1940. It has a shed-roof with asphalt shingles that slopes from front to back. It has 6-inch horizontal clapboard siding and bay doors. There are two windows one on the north side of the building and one on the south side. The garage faces east and was originally connected to 12th Street by a gravel driveway. Today, the gravel lane has been replaced by a concrete driveway. Inside the garage there are two areas, a main space for storing a car and a small tool shop area.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>With only 970 ft&sup2; of interior space, the Milton Odem House is designed to be compact and functional. The interior reflect the overall Streamline Moderne design concept. The interior walls are lath and plaster. The living room and dining room floors are covered with 2-inch oak tongue-and-groove decking while the floors in the remaining rooms have 3-inch fir decking.</p><br>
<p>The living room and adjoining dining room are divided by an archway. The living room measures 10 by 19 ft and the dining room is 9 by 9. Both rooms have recessed alcove shelve features with arched tops. The dining room also has a built-in five-drawer china cabinet. The front bedroom is 11 by 14 ft and the adjoining bathroom is 5 by 8 ft. The bathroom has chrome fixtures and a glass block exterior window. In 1996, the kitchen was expanded to incorporate the back porch area. While not part of the original design, the change was necessary to accommodates modern living. The rear bedroom was added in 1941. It measures 13 by 15 ft. It has two large windows on the southwest corner of the room overlooking the back yard and another window on the north side of the room. The house still has its original rose crystal door knobs and brass hardware; however, none of the original lighting fixtures remain.</p><br>
<p>The Faulkner House is the oldest colonial-era structure still standing in Acton, Massachusetts. The Faulkner House was purchased in 1964 by Iron Work Farm in Acton, Inc., a Massachusetts non-profit corporation with a charter "to acquire and preserve the tangible landmarks of the area historically known as Iron Work Farm", now part of Acton. The Faulkner House is now being preserved under its stewardship.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Faulkner house was originally built for Ephraim Jones (1679–1710), the founder in 1702 of an early textile business and other mills that formed the nucleus of the present town of Acton. Being the largest and most central house of this settlement, it served as the local garrison house for protection during Indian raids made along the Massachusetts frontier during Queen Anne&#39;s War (1702–1713).</p><br>
<p>Ammi Ruhamah Faulkner rented the house and mills in 1738, then purchased them in 1742. For 202 years, the Faulkner House was the homestead for six generations of the Faulkner family. The family carried on the processing of woolen cloth at the fulling mill across the road from the house; the mill was said to have been one of the earliest attempts in the United States to manufacture woolen cloth on a large scale.</p><br>
<h2>American Revolution</h2><br>
<p>The Faulkner homestead served as a garrison for the South Acton Militia during the American Revolutionary War. As Paul Revere rode to raise alarm on April 18, 1775, he found that he would need more riders to continue the message. In Lexington, Revere found, and enlisted the help of, Dr. Samuel Prescott. Dr. Prescott was sent to Concord, and then to Acton. Prescott, after informing Captain Joseph Robbins, Isaac Davis, and Deacon Simon Hunt of the news, went to South Acton and then to the Faulkner house. Upon receiving the news, Major Francis Faulkner fired off three shots, the signal alarm, and soon the militia of Acton had assembled at the house. From Acton, a man named Edward Bancroft carried the message on towards Groton and Pepperell.</p><br>
<p>The Faulkner House and Jones Tavern are two historic properties in South Acton that are owned by Iron Work Farm in Acton, Inc., a non-profit, historical Massachusetts corporation with a charter to study the documents and preserve the tangible landmarks connected with the village of Acton. Exchange Hall is another historic property in South Acton that is in close proximity to both Jones Tavern and the Faulkner House.</p><br>
<p>Pembroke is a public housing community in northeast Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The area was listed as a national historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally began in 1918 in order to house steel workers for the increased demand of steel in World War I. The number of houses needed was overestimated and the United States Housing Corporation gave up on the project. By 1941, the Pembroke project was finished and contained 202 units of low-income public housing and it was the first such project in the city. By the early 1950s, the Bethlehem Housing Authority purchased additional adjoining lands, including an 86 acre farm to build additional affordable housing in the area. Between 1952 and 1962, the Authority built 570 units, which included Marvine Village (400 units), Fairmount Homes (120) and Pfeifle Homes (50). These three developments added to Pembroke created one large community collectively known as the Northeast Developments.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, the buildings have undergone many millions of dollars in renovations. Pembroke was renovated in the 1990s, Fairmount and Marvine twice each since the 1980s. Comprehensive renovations were recently completed at Pfeifle Homes.</p><br>
<p>Presently, 20 new homes are being built in the area near Fairmount, to be called Bayard Homes. They add to BHA&#39;s inventory and guarantee that 5% of all BHA units are handicap-accessible.</p><br>
<h2>Emergency services</h2><br>
<h3>Police service</h3><br>
<p>Thanks to a long-term agreement between the housing authority and the City of Bethlehem, community policing substations are a part of BHA properties, including the Marvine-Pembroke area. The community police concept is funded by BHA on an annual basis and in return, the BPD provides above baseline services for the community.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The population breakdown in Pembroke is roughly 70% Hispanic, with remaining people being either Caucasian or African American. As is the case with all low-income public housing, the community is made up of families, some seniors and some who are disabled.</p><br>
<h2>Gang activity</h2><br>
<p>Like many Pennsylvania communities, the Lehigh Valley has seen an influx of gangs from larger urban areas. It is thought that the completion of Interstate 78 in 1990 has contributed to this phenomenon. Despite this, official gang activities are limited in Bethlehem as evidenced by FBI crime statistics.</p><br>
<h2>Schools</h2><br>
<p>Pembroke is part of the Bethlehem Area School District.</p><br>
<h3>Elementary</h3><br>
<p>Marvine Elementary School - Demographics: 8% White, 17% African American, 75% Hispanic, with 86% of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch program.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Elementary School - Demographics: 34% White, 6% African American, 58% Hispanic, with 64% of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch program.</p><br>
<p>Freemansburg Elementary School - Demographics: 37% White, 8% African American, 54% Hispanic, with 69% of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch program.</p><br>
<h3>Middle</h3><br>
<p>Northeast Middle School - Demographics: 48% White, 13% African American, 38% Hispanic, with 53% of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch program.</p><br>
<p>The Louis and Mathilde Reuter House is a private limestone home in central Austin, Texas, United States, in the historic Travis Heights neighborhood. The home was built by Louis Reuter, a local entrepreneur who moved to Austin in 1918 and later opened the city&#39;s first self-service grocery store.</p><br>
<p>The home boasts an unusual U-shaped design that combines Spanish Revival and Mission Revival styling, with Palladian windows. The home was built without a precise blueprint but rather a "footprint" on the property which spared the grandiose old oak trees.</p><br>
<p>The home is located at 806 Rosedale Terrace. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Saint Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church, also known as St. Francis Xavier Church, is a historic Roman Catholic church building in the Toulminville neighborhood of Mobile, Alabama, United States. It serves as the parish church for St. Francis Xavier Parish in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mobile. St. Francis Xavier Parish was established in 1868. The vernacular style building was completed in 1916, replacing a previous structure destroyed in a hurricane. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 3, 1991, as part of the Historic Roman Catholic Properties in Mobile Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<p>The U. J. Cleveland House  is a historic house located at 551 Charles Street in Mobile, Alabama. It is locally significant as an intact Gulf Coast Cottage with an unusual interior plan.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The -story wood-frame structure, on brick piers, was built in 1853 in the Gulf Coast Cottage style. The interior plan of the house is unusual for Mobile, featuring a back hall dining room. The front door leads into a narrow hall, with the staircase running immediately up to the half story.</p><br>
<p>It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 21, 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Barnesville Historic District consists of the oldest part of Barnesville, Ohio, originally platted in 1808 and contains roughly 40 acres and 180 buildings. The district was added to the National Register on July 19, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Founding and growth: 1800–1860</h3><br>
<p>The area around Barnesville was settled by pioneer families, mostly Quaker, around the early 19th century. These early settlers arrived in the area after leaving Maryland, Pennsylvania and the southern states. A meeting house was built and cemetery was established to the east of the future site of Barnesville. This early settlement attracted the attention of a certain Maryland farmer.</p><br>
<p>Barnesville was first "laid out" in 1808 by James Barnes, who had travelled to the area hoping to create a new Quaker settlement in a rural setting. He found rolling landscape along a Drovers&#39; road ideal for a site and soon platted out lots and roads for his new town. Barnes was not alone in this venture as his brother, David, also made the trek out in hopes to find a better place for his family. The Barnes brothers owned much land and had a hand in the development of the village, owning a tannery, a brick yard, mills, and several farming and crop lands.</p><br>
<p>James soon left to return to Maryland, but his brother stayed as mayor of the developing town and took up residence on Main Street. Much of the architectural heritage from this period is lost to the current Victorian buildings. During the mid-to-late 19th century, more settlers, tired of the cramped eastern seaboard, migrated to places like Barnesville. A railroad was placed through the town in 1857, leading to what would be Barnesville&#39;s population boom.</p><br>
<h3>Expansion to industrialization: 1860–1950</h3><br>
<p>The railway brought with it industrialization and population growth. Watt Car and Wheel Company, The Eastern Ohio Glass Company, Hanlon Paper Company and the Barnesville Glass Company are some of the many manufacturing companies which moved into Barnesville during this time. The original plat was expanded to the north and south to accommodate the influx of residents. The town kept growing at a rate that the B&O Railroad built the town a much needed depot in 1916, which is also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>It was during this time period that many of the current buildings were constructed, lending Barnesville a unique post-Civil War architectural theme. Many of the numerous churches were also built reflecting the variety of religious sectors that helped Barnesville grow (the town currently boasts 12 different churches within its limits).</p><br>
<p>The town particularly saw a growth during the World Wars, as the needs of the country turned to militarization. The Watt Car and Wheel Company increased production to keep up with the demand for coal, and also turned to manufacturing other wheel and accessory components for vehicles. The Glass Company also increased production for vehicles and ships during the war economy. When peace was finally declared after World War II, none in the town realized that it would begin a declining trend in the community.</p><br>
<h3>Decline to stabilization: 1950–present</h3><br>
<p>The armistice of the Korean War finally signalled an end to the war-time production demanded during the 1940s and many communities suffered as a result. Barnesville soon saw many businesses close their doors during the next few decades. As redevelopment emerged in the late 1960s to early 1970s, many building from this period were erased from existence. The large warehouses were soon replaced with houses and smaller businesses.</p><br>
<p>The town began to recover from this setback during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The town&#39;s historical integrity has been fairly maintained leading to a sense of pride in the community.</p><br>
<h2>The district today</h2><br>
<p>Many of the buildings currently standing date back to the Victorian era of building. The district includes several buildings well known in the area, such as the Bradfield Building, which once housed The 1st National Bank founded in 1865, by John Bradfield, the Barnesville Municipal Building and the Belmont County Victorian Mansion Museum, as well as several private homes. The district totals 198 structures consisting of 180 contributing properties, as well as the Barnesville Railroad Tunnel located under the intersection of East Main and Arch Streets.</p><br>
<p>Much of the district play key roles in the Annual Barnesville Pumpkin Festival held every September, including West Main Street: the site of the King Pumpkin display.</p><br>
<h2>Prominent contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Barnesville Presbyterian Church at 124 North Chestnut Street - Chinese pagoda-influenced church built by Frank Packard.</p><br>
<p>Belmont County Victorian Mansion Museum at 532 North Chestnut Street - a prominent Romanesque Revival house of the influential Bradfield family.</p><br>
<p>The Arthur Rogers House, Thomas Rogers House, and Thomas Jefferson Buchanan House at 502, 520, and 416 North Chestnut Street - Last remaining Second Empire-style houses in Barnesville.</p><br>
<p>Bradfield Building at 101 East Main Street - Romanesque Revival building built for the First National Bank of Barnesville.</p><br>
<p>Barnesville Municipal Building at 132 North Arch Street - Romanesque Revival building; only contributing property not located within district&#39;s bounds.</p><br>
<p>The Collins–Marston House is a historic house located at 4703 Old Shell Road in Mobile, Alabama.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The -story wood-frame structure, on a raised brick foundation, was built in 1832 in the Gulf Coast Cottage style. The 20th century saw additions to the rear that roughly tripled the original size of the house. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 18, 1984, as a part of the 19th Century Spring Hill Neighborhood Thematic Resource.</p><br>
<p>The Emanuel Building, also known as the Bank of Mobile and Staples-Pake Building, is a historic commercial building in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The three-story masonry structure was built in 1850 and then remodeled several times over the next century. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 21, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The significance of the Staples-Pake Building is both architectural and commercial. Initially constructed in the 1850&#39;s as office space by a Mobile cotton broker, Jonathan Emanuel, the structure was remodeled in 1903 by George B.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle River Historic District is a historic district located in Eagle River, Michigan, roughly covering Front Street, 2nd Street, 3rd Street, 4th Street, 5th Street, and Main Street. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The community of Eagle River, founded in 1843, is one of the oldest settlements in the Keweenaw peninsula. When Keweenaw County was organized, Eagle River was named the county seat. Its location on the shore of Lake Superior made Eagle River a natural port, and it served as a major shipping hub for the copper mined in the Keweenaw in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Eagle River Historic District includes most of the remaining structures that date from the early settlement of the community. These include early industrial plants as well as county buildings, commercial buildings, and private residences.</p><br>
<p>The earliest buildings, dating from the 1840s and 1850s, are located along East Main Street. These buildings, both commercial and residential, are simple rectangular structures, typically with symmetrical facades, gable roofs, and rear extensions. Other significant buildings include the town hall/school; the Keweenaw County Courthouse, Sheriff&#39;s residence, and jail; and the Eagle River Lighthouse. The district also includes stone and frame buildings structures that were once a fuse factory and brewery.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Assumption is an historic Carpenter Gothic style Roman Catholic church located on US 41, 400 feet east of M-26 in Phoenix in Houghton Township, Michigan. It is also known as the Phoenix Church. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1853, Frederic Baraga was consecrated as bishop of the Upper Peninsula diocese, and in 1854 he sent Rev. Henry L. Thiele to serve at the Eagle River mission, which included the town of Clifton at the Cliff mine. In 1858, Bishop Baraga authorized Thiele to construct a church near Clifton. A site for a church and cemetery was donated by the North American Mining Company, and Thiel hired Nicholas Grasser to build the church for $1860. It is likely that Bishop Baraga himself designed the church. Construction began in 1868, and was completed in 1869.</p><br>
<p>The church was consecrated as St. Mary&#39;s, but by 1883, the name was changed to the Church of the Assumption. The church was served from the mission at Eagle Harbor. In 1884, the Cliff Mine closed down and the population of Clifton dropped to almost nothing in a few years time. The nearby Phoenix Mine suffered the same fate, and with almost no parishioners left, the Church of the Assumption was closed. However, in 1899 the Phoenix Consolidated Copper Company made plans to reopen the Phoenix Mine, and the church was dismantled and reconstructed in its present location in Phoenix. During reconstruction, the architecture of the church was changed to give it a more Gothic appearance, installing Gothic windows, changing the roof pitch, and reconstructing the belfry and spire.</p><br>
<p>The Phoenix Mine closed again by 1905, and the population of Phoenix again subsided. However, masses were held in the church until 1957, after which the church was finally closed. In 1985, the church was purchased by the Keweenaw County Historical Society, which undertook an extensive restoration process. As of 2009, the church (although deconsecrated) is still used for weddings and memorial services.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Church of the Assumption is a white-painted wooden building in what was once the mining town of Phoenix. The church is covered in clapboard, and stands on concrete block piers which replaced the original supporting posts made of mine timbers. The building consists of a gable-roof nave about sixty feet by twenty-four feet, with a centrally positioned entryway/tower and steeple in the front facade and a small rear addition. The roof is steeply pitched, and the double-door entry has a pointed top arch. Four tall Gothic windows line each side of the naves, and short upper and lower windows flank the entry tower, with additional windows in the towers side walls. Another window in the front face of the tower above the entry.</p><br>
<p>Inside there is a small vestibule in the base of the tower, which leads into the nave. The long narrow room has wooden floor boards and wood-sheathed walls. A gallery is above, and a central aisle leads toward the altar. A rectangular-plan Gothic wooden altar stands on a platform in the front, with tiers of candle shelves behind. A door in the center of the rear wall behind the altar leads to a small one-story hip-roof sacristy.</p><br>
<p>The US 41–Fanny Hooe Creek Bridge is a highway bridge located on US Highway 41  over the Fanny Hooe Creek about one mile east of Copper Harbor, adjacent to Fort Wilkins State Park, in Grant Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1913, the state of Michigan passed the State Trunk Line Act, which in part provided for the construction of a state route through Keweenaw, Houghton, Ontonagon and Gogebic counties. and the M-26–Cedar Creek Culvert around the same time.) The original cost of the bridge was $8,132.02.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The bridge spanning the Fanny Hooe Creek is a small concrete arch bridge (spanning 25 feet) with an elliptically shaped continuous arch ring and filled spandrels. It sits on a concrete foundation. The endwalls and parapet walls of the bridge have decoratively placed fieldstone work with grapevine mortar joints. Each parapet has four paneled concrete bulkheads which merge into pilasters along the sidewalls below grade level. The bridge is particularly significant because of its decorative stonework (unusual for Michigan bridges) and the degree of craftsmanship in its construction. George Tramp, an engineer with the Michigan State Highway Department in the 1920s, commented that, "after one sees the masonry work on this bridge they will agree that the art work of the stone mason has not been entirely lost."</p><br>
<p>The M-26–Silver River Culvert is a highway bridge located on M-26 over the Silver River in Eagle Harbor Township, Michigan. The Keweenaw County Road Commission built the bridge in 1930; they also built the US 41–Fanny Hooe Creek Bridge and the M-26–Cedar Creek Culvert around the same time. The M-26–Silver River Culvert was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan Department of Transportation will remove the structure starting in late April 2023 and replace it with a modern concrete beam bridge in a project expected to take 10 weeks and cost $2.9 million.</p><br>
<p>The M-26–Cedar Creek Culvert is a short highway bridge located on M-26 over Cedar Creek in Eagle Harbor Township, Michigan. The Keweenaw County Road Commission built the bridge in 1930; they also built the M-26–Silver River Culvert and the US 41–Fanny Hooe Creek Bridge around the same time. The M-26–Cedar Creek Culvert was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The M-26–Cedar Creek Culvert spans the mouth of Cedar Creek, immediately south of Lake Superior. The bridge is configured as a two-barrel, multi-plate steel culvert. Each of the arches are ringed with irregular stone voussoir veneers. The endwalls and parapet walls contain decorative fieldstones with grapevine mortar joints. The parapets are banded on both sides by heavy stone bulkheads having pyramidally shaped concrete caps. The bulkheads extend below the level of the road, and continue as pilasters along the sidewalls. The Cedar Creek Culvert is unaltered and in excellent condition.</p><br>
<p>Holy Redeemer Church is an historic Carpenter Gothic style Roman Catholic church located at the west end of Center Street in Eagle Harbor, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1958 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Holy Redeemer Church was built in 1854. The church had high attendance when it was first constructed, but as the copper industry declined and the population of Eagle Harbor dropped at the end of the 19th century, the usage of the building dropped. The church sat vacant for many years, but near the end of the 20th century was refurbished and used for summer services.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The structure is the oldest surviving Roman Catholic church in the Marquette Diocese. The construction was supervised by the diocese&#39;s first ordained priest, the Reverend Henry L. Thiele, and the church is dedicated to Bishop Frederic Baraga.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Holy Redeemer Church is a single-story Carpenter Gothic style structure with end gables. The entrance is shaped in a Gothic arch. The belfry is square, with Gothic arch openings, an octagonal steeple and an iron cross at the top. The interior is simply decorated.</p><br>
<p>The Wayne County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located in Richmond, Wayne County, Indiana. It was built during the period 1890–93, and is in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The building was designed by Cincinnati, Ohio, architect James W. McLaughlin and the construction was supervised by New Castle, Indiana, architect William S. Kaufman. The U-shaped building measures approximately 214 feet by 128 feet, and is constructed of brick faced with Indiana Limestone. It features a projecting entrance pavilion, high pitched hipped and gable roofs, large semicircular arches, and octagonal corner tower. Architectural historians Michael Tomlan and Mary Raddant-Tomlan have suggested that the Wayne County Courthouse was influenced both in terms of exterior design and elements of interior layout by Henry Hobson Richardson&#39;s Allegheny County Courthouse in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It borders the northern boundary of the Old Richmond Historic District which includes some of Richmond&#39;s earliest extant architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Alexander Burningham House at 2849 Pali Highway in Honolulu, Hawaii, built in 1910, is a good example of the earliest American Craftsman bungalow homes in the city. Its flaired hip roof and stone-and-stucco siding differentiate it from the many gabled, and often half-timbered, bungalows built during the 1920s. The architect was Thomas Gill , who designed the Oahu Country Club building and many residences in Honolulu between 1899 and 1941. The house was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Alexander Burningham was an employee of a number of prominent local businesses: Von Hamm-Young, Castle & Cooke, Honolulu Iron Works, and Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company. Upon his death, the property passed to his nephew, George L. Burningham, who also worked at Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company.</p><br>
<p>The one-story, rectangular house is more substantial than many a bungalow, with a large living room with Chinese-style lights, three bedrooms separated by both screen and solid doors, and a hall leading to the kitchen and pantry. It also has a central vacuum system and a basement. The fine craftsmanship can be seen in its parquet floors, built-in furniture, and stained-glass windows. The lava rock used for the foundation, support piers, and texture in the stucco also show commitment to the use of local materials. However, the leaded glass for the windows and the glazed brick for the fireplace both came from Australia, and the beveled glass in the bifold doors to the lānais came from France.</p><br>
<p>The Gates–Daves House, also known as The Daves Place, is a historic residence in Mobile, Alabama. The one-story structure was built in 1841 with a Creole architectural influence, the best remaining example of its type in Mobile. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 20, 1974, due to its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Gates–Daves House stands on a portion of a Spanish land grant deeded to Antonio Espejo during Mobiles colonial period. In 1841 the property was purchased by Hezekiah Gates from Charles Dellinger for $3500, local tradition maintains that the house was constructed that same year. Gatess widow, Adele then sold the house to Camellia Bull in 1850 and she in turn sold to Thomas K. Daves in 1856.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural characteristics</h2><br>
<p>The house is a wood-frame structure on low brick piers. It originally comprised a main block measuring 57 ft wide and 27 ft deep, with projecting rear wings. The rear portion was remodeled in the 20th century. The unaltered front portion features a seven bay facade with French doors set into each bay, the central door is surrounded by sidelights and a transom window.</p><br>
<p>The Keweenaw Mountain Lodge and Golf Course Complex is a resort located near Copper Harbor, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1976 listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Keweenaw Mountain Lodge Complex covers 167 acre, and consists of multiple buildings, including the main lodge and 23 cabins. A golf course, constructed at the same time as the lodge and cabins, covers much of the remaining land. Mountain bike trails and a disc golf course have been added in recent years. All structures within the district are unified by their rustic construction; the structures have low gable roofs and are made using rough-cut stone and dark painted logs.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the early 1930s, the Great Depression hit Keweenaw County hard. The mining industry had fallen on hard times, and unemployment stood at over seventy percent. Ocha Potter, the head of the Keweenaw County Road Commission and superintendent of Ahmeek Mine, conceived of constructing a resort complex in the county. In 1933, he applied to the federal government for funding under the newly created Civil Works Administration. The county Board of Park Trustees had previously negotiated purchase of 167 acre of land from the Keweenaw Copper Company, situated about 1 mi south of Copper Harbor.</p><br>
<p>Clearing of the forest cover began in the winter of 1933/34, and the stumps were cleared as the weather let up. The logs from the property were used construct the lodge. By the end of 1934, the lodge was nearly completed and the first nine holes of the golf course were cleared and seeded. (A second planned nine holes was never completed.) In 1935, another project to build 20 cabins was approved by the Works Progress Administration, which were completed during the next few years. Four additional cottages were built in 1947/48 using profits from the operation of the lodge.</p><br>
<p>In July 2018, Keweenaw County will auction off the lodge.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The lodge complex was designed and built in 1934 and 1935, in the depths of the Great Depression, using crews of local workmen. The construction was overseen by Keweenaw County and used federal relief money. The site is an example of government-funded work projects designed to boost local economies, and is significant in its effort to protect and maintain the environment while offering recreational opportunity.</p><br>
<p>The L. Bliss House is a historic house located at 90 West Main Street in Westfield, Chautauqua County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story, wood-framed Italian Villa style dwelling built in 1853. It is believed to have been built for Lorenzo Bliss, a local brewer.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 26, 1983.</p><br>
<p>Reuben Wright House is a historic home located at Westfield in Chautauqua County, New York. It is a two-story, eight-bay structure built primarily of brick. The earliest portion of the dwelling was built in the early 1830s and it is one of the earliest extant structures in the area. For some time in the mid-19th century, the dwelling operated as a tavern and was known as the Drovers Inn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Reuben Gridley Wright Farm Complex is a historic home and farm complex located at Westfield in Chautauqua County, New York. The home is a two-story wood frame Queen Anne style dwelling built in 1883 for Rueben Gridley Wright, one of Westfield&#39;s most prominent citizens. The house was designed by Fredonia architect Enoch A. Curtis. The property includes five contributing farm outbuildings that relate to its operation as an extensive late 19th century vineyard operation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Pincus Building, also known as the Zadek Building, is a historic Queen Anne-style commercial building in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The four-story brick masonry structure was designed by local architect Rudolph Benz and completed in 1891. It first housed the Zadek Jewelry Company. The original design included a round tower with a spire on the outside corner of the building; this was removed by the 1940s. Additionally, the architectural details of the first floor exterior have been simplified. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Fiddler&#39;s Reach Fog Signal is a fog signal station located on the Kennebec River in Arrowsic, Maine, in Sagadahoc County. It is about 1,100 ft SW of the front light of the Doubling Point Range Lights, and about 2,000 ft east of Doubling Point Light. The pyramidal bell structure was built in 1914, two years after a large steamship, the Ransom B. Fuller, ran aground in the fog on this section of the river.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The signal was rung to assist ships navigating the treacherous S-bend section of the river known as Fiddler Reach. It was a bell from 1914 until the late sixties and then a horn until it was discontinued in 1982. The signal, while not part of the Kennebec River Light Station, was tended by its station keeper. He reached it along a footpath that included a boardwalk and two wooden bridges. While it was a bell, it was rung by means of a clockwork counter weight system that had to be rewound every 4 hours. Bell signals were distinguished by the number of strokes and length of time between them. This signal was two strokes every twenty seconds.</p><br>
<p>The structure eventually fell into disrepair. The original bell was removed by the Coast Guard in 1972 and is now displayed on the campus of the Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>It was restored by volunteer effort of the "Range Light Keepers", a self-described "group of interested local Maine citizens and visitors".</p><br>
<p>A replacement bell has been obtained and kept at the Arrowsic Town Hall. Until 2016 when the bell was installed on the tower&#39;s exterior bell arm</p><br>
<p>The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on August 5, 2009, and the listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service&#39;s weekly list of August 14, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The James L. Coke House, also called Waipuna , at 3649 Nuuanu Pali Drive in Honolulu, Hawaii was built in 1934 for Judge James L. Coke, who had that year been reappointed Chief Justice of the Hawaii Supreme Court by USA President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its architecture is significant as an example of the residential work of C.W. Dickey, the most prominent local architect of the period, and its landscaping represents the work of the preeminent landscape architect of the period, Richard Tongg. The house and grounds were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The house is not typical of Dickey&#39;s residential work, but displays fine craftsmanship and is well adapted to an indoor-outdoor lifestyle. It is a two-story, double-wall building on an L-shaped plan, with a gabled roof over one wing and a hipped roof over the other. The outside walls are of brick on the ground floor, with clapboard siding on the upper floor, both painted white. The interior floors are of ohia wood and the stairway bannister and dining room chandelier are of wrought iron.</p><br>
<p>Tongg landscaped both the front yard and the back lot, which straddles Nuuanu Stream, during 1935&ndash;37. Among his other notable landscape designs were Andrews Outdoor Theatre at the University of Hawaii, the Alexander & Baldwin Building, local residences for George W. Vanderbilt and Doris Duke, and the central concourse garden at Honolulu International Airport.</p><br>
